In 1972, the logo of Richard Nixon's reelection campaign posters was subverted with two x's in Nixon's name (as in the Exxon logo) to suggest the corporate ownership of the Republican party.

Subvertising is a type of advertising hijacking ( dГ©tournement publicitГ©), where dГ©tournement techniques developed in the 1950s by the French Letterist International and later used by the better-known Situationist International have been used as a contemporary critical form to re-route advertising messages. Subverts create cognitive dissonance, with the apparent aim of cutting through the ' hype and glitz of our mediated reality' to reveal a 'deeper truth within'. According to Adbusters, a Canadian magazine and a proponent of counter-culture and subvertising, 'A well-produced 'subvert' mimics the look and feel of the targeted ad, promoting the classic ' double-take' as viewers suddenly realize they have been duped. According to author Naomi Klein, subvertising offers a way of speaking back to advertising, вЂforcing a dialogue where before there was only a declaration.вЂ™ They may take the form of a new image or an alteration to an existing image or icon, often in a satirical manner.ДЄ subvertisement can also be referred to as a meme hack and can be a part of social hacking, billboard hacking or culture jamming. Subvertisements are anti-ads that deflect advertising's attempts to turn the people's attention in a given direction. The cultural critic Mark Dery coined the term in 1991. Subvertising (a portmanteau of subvert and advertising) is the practice of making spoofs or parodies of corporate and political advertisements.

Define subvert